In the landscape of data visualization, Sankey charts are a captivating tool that offers a dynamic and visually compelling way to present complex flows of data. Named after Marko A. R. van Dongen, who created the tool to visualize the flow of energy in the solar system, Sankey diagrams have evolved into a versatile language that speaks about data, energy, resource flows, and virtually any multi-dimensional data set. This article delves into the creation of Sankey charts, explores their applications across various fields, and explains why they’re an integral part of data visualization toolkit.

The Essence of Sankey Charts

Sankey charts, also known as Sankey diagrams, are a special type of flow diagram designed to visually represent the quantities of data passing through pathways or paths. They are particularly effective for visualizing processes where data is flowing from one set of categories into another, and the quantity can vary along the process. Each flow is represented by a link (or arrow), with its width or thickness proportional to the quantity of data it represents. The diagram is often presented in a hierarchical order, with data flowing from left to right, but can also be oriented vertically.

How to Create a Sankey Chart

1. Collect Your Data: Start by gathering your data. This could involve flow rates, numbers, or proportions flowing from one step to another throughout a process.

2. Determine Your Steps: Clearly define the steps through which your data is being processed or flowing.

3. Organize Your Data: Arrange your data based on these steps, ensuring that you have a clear understanding of the flow direction.

4. Choose a Tool: Select a software or online tool that allows you to create Sankey diagrams. There are numerous tools available, from complex data visualization platforms to simpler, user-friendly apps that can help you turn raw data into a visual representation.

5. Create the Diagram:

   • Using your tool, input your data.
   • Adjust the thickness of each link to represent the proportions of your data.
   • Label your source and destination steps to make the flow clear.
   • Customize the appearance, such as the color scheme or the styling of the links, to make your Sankey diagram stand out.

6. Review and Refine: Once you’ve created your Sankey diagram, review it to ensure that it accurately represents your data. Consider your audience and the message you want to convey. Adjustments might be necessary to better communicate your insight.

Applications of Sankey Charts

Sankey diagrams are widely used across various industries and academic fields, leveraging their ability to convey complex processes and flows in a simple and understandable format. Here are some notable applications:

• Energy Consumption and Efficiency: Companies and research institutions use Sankey diagrams to analyze energy usage in homes and businesses, highlighting where energy is lost and where savings can be made.
• Food Supply Chains: Sankey diagrams illustrate the movement of food and resources through different parts of the supply chain, from production to consumption, helping businesses understand inefficiencies and optimize their processes.
• Financial Flows: Economists and financial analysts use these charts to analyze the flow of money through an economy, showing where investment moves and where public expenditure is directed.
• Critical Supply Chains: Understanding the flow of materials through supply chains is crucial, especially in sectors affected by geopolitical events or natural disasters. Sankey diagrams help in identifying vulnerabilities and improving resilience.

Conclusion

Sankey charts emerge as a powerful tool in the data visualization repertoire, offering a dynamic and intuitive way to understand and present complex data flows. Their ability to break down processes into manageable steps and to portray the quantity of data passing through each link makes them an invaluable asset in fields ranging from environmental sciences to economics. Whether analyzing energy consumption, mapping the flow of materials through a supply chain, or visualizing the movement of money through an economy, Sankey charts provide a clear, visual narrative that can inform decision-making and drive insights.

SankeyMaster

SankeyMaster is your go-to tool for creating complex Sankey charts . Easily enter data and create Sankey charts that accurately reveal intricate data relationships.